Cold & Cough During Pregnancy: Causes, Remedies, and Safe Treatments

Pregnancy is a time to experience the unexpected! When the joy of nurturing a life inside your womb is so profound that every decision you take, your baby is at the centre of it! Its winter season and most of India is grappling with dips in temperature! While we all love the weather, it also brings with it the unwelcome guests in the form of viral flu! Among the many challenges, dealing with a cough or cold can feel particularly daunting. We worry about taking medications in pregnancy but at the same time, cough and cold is not something that anyone wants to experience for prolonged duration! For many moms-to-be, concerns are often amplified by cultural advice, traditional remedies, and medical guidance. This guide aims to provide a detailed, research-backed understanding of coughs during pregnancy, ensuring you’re equipped with safe and effective  solutions.

Common Respiratory Concerns During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, your immune system undergoes changes to protect your baby, making you more susceptible to infections. Respiratory ailments, including coughs and colds, are common but usually not severe.

Why Coughs Can Be Distressing for Expectant Mothers

1. Physical Discomfort: Persistent coughing can strain abdominal and pelvic muscles, leading to soreness.
2. Interrupted Sleep: Nighttime coughing can disrupt rest, increasing fatigue.
3. Emotional Worry: Many pregnant women fear the impact of coughing on their baby or the safety of medications.

According to a 2017 study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, over 35% of pregnant women report experiencing respiratory symptoms at some point during their pregnancy.

Causes of Cough During Pregnancy

Identifying the cause of your cough is essential for effective treatment. Common reasons include:

1. Viral Infections: The common cold or flu often leads to coughing due to throat irritation.
2. Allergies: Dust, pollen, or pollution can trigger an allergic response.
3. Pregnancy Rhinitis: Hormonal changes increase blood flow to mucous membranes, causing nasal congestion and throat irritation.
4. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Hormonal changes and uterine pressure on the stomach can cause acid reflux, leading to a dry cough.
5. Environmental Factors: Air pollution, secondhand smoke, or exposure to strong odors can irritate the respiratory tract.

Is Cough Harmful to Your Baby?

One of the most common concerns among pregnant women is whether coughing can harm their baby. In most cases, coughing is harmless. Here’s why:

• Amniotic Fluid Protection: Your baby is cushioned by amniotic fluid, which acts as a shock absorber.
• Limited Physical Impact: Even persistent coughing is unlikely to disturb your baby’s development.

When to See a Doctor

While mild coughing is normal, seek medical attention if:

• The cough persists for more than two weeks.
• You experience high fever, chest pain, or shortness of breath.
• There’s blood in your phlegm.

A 2020 review in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth emphasized that untreated respiratory infections can lead to complications like preterm labor or low birth weight, underscoring the importance of timely medical care.

Safe Treatments for Cough During Pregnancy

Pregnant women always worry about taking any medication! And its natural to worry as some medications can cross the placenta and affect the baby. Its always advised to consult your doctor before taking any medication. Some safe options include:

• Paracetamol: For fever or body aches.
• Antacids: To relieve GERD-induced cough.
• Saline Nasal Sprays: To alleviate nasal congestion.

Avoid: Medications containing codeine, decongestants like pseudoephedrine, or aspirin without medical supervision.

Home Remedies For Cough In Pregnancy

Since medication options are limited, here are some safe and effective Indian household remedies to ease coughs during pregnancy:

1. Honey and Ginger Tea

This soothing concoction is a powerhouse of natural healing. Honey’s antibacterial properties help fight infections, while ginger’s anti-inflammatory compounds provide quick relief from throat irritation.
How to make:

• Boil 1 cup of water with 1 teaspoon of grated ginger.
• Strain and add 1 teaspoon of honey. Sip slowly for relief.

2. Turmeric Milk (Haldi Doodh)

A classic remedy in Indian households, turmeric milk works wonders due to curcumin, a compound known for its anti-inflammatory and immunity-boosting properties. It helps reduce throat irritation and strengthens the body to fight infections.
How to make:

• Warm a glass of milk and stir in 1/2 teaspoon of turmeric powder.
• Optional: Add a pinch of black pepper or a teaspoon of honey for enhanced benefits. Drink before bedtime for best results.

3. Steam Inhalation

Steam inhalation is a natural way to clear nasal congestion, reduce throat dryness, and soothe an irritated airway. Adding essential oils like eucalyptus or a pinch of Vicks can enhance its effectiveness.
How to do it:

• Boil water and pour it into a bowl.
• Cover your head with a towel, lean over the bowl, and inhale deeply for 5–10 minutes.

4. Saltwater Gargles

Saltwater gargling is a tried-and-true remedy for sore throats and dry coughs. It helps reduce throat inflammation, kills bacteria, and provides relief.
How to do it:

• Mix 1/2 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water.
• Gargle 2–3 times a day for soothing effects.

5. Tips for Relief

• Stay hydrated with warm fluids like soups and herbal teas.
• Use a humidifier to maintain moisture in the air.
• Rest as much as possible to support your body’s recovery.

These remedies are rooted in Ayurveda, making them both culturally relatable and effective for Indian moms.

Types of Cough During Pregnancy

Coughing during pregnancy can occur due to various physiological and environmental factors. Understanding the underlying causes by trimester can help in finding the right remedies for relief.

First Trimester

Causes:

• Weakened Immunity: During pregnancy, the immune system naturally lowers its defenses to support the growing baby, making you more susceptible to infections like the common cold or flu, which can trigger coughing.
• Morning Sickness-Induced GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Hormonal changes can relax the esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux and irritation of the throat, causing a persistent cough.

Remedies:

• Avoid spicy, oily, or acidic foods that can worsen reflux.
• Consume small, frequent meals instead of large portions.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, or warm fluids.
• Include natural soothing remedies like ginger tea or honey to ease throat irritation.

Second Trimester

Causes:

• Allergies: Seasonal allergies or sensitivities to dust, pollen, or pet dander can become more noticeable during this phase, leading to coughs caused by postnasal drip.
• Environmental Irritants: Exposure to pollution, smoke, or strong odors may aggravate the respiratory system, causing dryness or irritation in the throat.

Remedies:

• Use a humidifier to maintain moisture in the air and prevent throat dryness.
• Practice nasal rinses with saline solutions to clear nasal passages and reduce postnasal drip.
• Limit exposure to allergens and irritants by keeping your home clean and well-ventilated.
• Incorporate warm saline gargles to soothe an irritated throat.

Third Trimester

Causes:

• Increased Diaphragm Pressure: As the baby grows, the expanding uterus puts pressure on the diaphragm, making breathing slightly more difficult and contributing to persistent coughing.
• Acid Reflux: Hormonal changes and pressure on the stomach can lead to frequent acid reflux, irritating the throat and triggering coughs, especially when lying down.

Remedies:

• Sleep with your head elevated by using extra pillows to prevent acid from flowing back into the throat.
• Avoid eating large meals or lying down immediately after eating—maintain a gap of at least 2–3 hours before bedtime.
• Stick to a bland, non-acidic diet to reduce reflux symptoms.
• Suck on sugar-free lozenges or sip warm water with honey to alleviate throat irritation.

FAQs and Myths About Cough During Pregnancy

Here’s a detailed breakdown of frequently asked questions and common myths to help clarify concerns:

1. Can I take cough syrup during pregnancy?
Yes, some cough syrups are safe during pregnancy, but only under a doctor’s supervision. Certain ingredients like codeine or alcohol may not be suitable, so avoid over-the-counter (OTC) medicines without consulting your healthcare provider.

2. Does coughing affect early pregnancy?
No, mild coughing doesn’t affect your baby or the pregnancy. The amniotic fluid provides a cushion, protecting your baby from external disturbances. However, if coughing is severe, persistent, or accompanied by symptoms like fever or difficulty breathing, consult a doctor.

3. Is coughing a sign of pregnancy complications?
Not usually. Coughing is more commonly related to respiratory issues, allergies, or GERD rather than pregnancy complications. If your cough is accompanied by chest pain or you experience difficulty breathing, it’s best to seek medical attention to rule out infections or other concerns.

4. Can coughing cause preterm labor?
In most cases, no. Coughing doesn’t exert enough pressure to cause preterm labor. However, severe coughing fits could cause discomfort or strain, especially in the later stages of pregnancy. Always consult your doctor if you’re worried about symptoms.

5. Can I use home remedies for cough during pregnancy?
Yes, home remedies like honey and ginger tea, turmeric milk, steam inhalation, and saltwater gargles are generally safe and effective for managing cough. However, consult your doctor if symptoms persist.

6. Is it normal to cough more in the third trimester?
Yes, increased pressure on the diaphragm from the growing baby and acid reflux can contribute to more frequent coughing in the third trimester. Adjusting your sleeping position and avoiding large meals before bedtime can help manage this.

7. When should I worry about a cough during pregnancy?
Seek medical attention if:

• The cough lasts more than 10 days.
• It’s accompanied by high fever, chest pain, or difficulty breathing.
• There’s a significant change in the frequency or severity of the cough.

Myths vs. Facts About Cough During Pregnancy

Myth: Drinking cold water causes cough.
Fact: Cough is caused by viral infections, allergies, or GERD, not by drinking cold water. Staying hydrated, even with cold water, is essential during pregnancy.

Myth: Spicy food worsens a cough.
Fact: Spicy food doesn’t directly worsen a cough, but it may aggravate acid reflux, which can irritate the throat and lead to coughing. Eating moderate, balanced meals can help.

Myth: Pregnant women should avoid warm remedies like ginger or turmeric.
Fact: Natural remedies like ginger tea or turmeric milk are generally safe during pregnancy and can help alleviate coughing. However, moderation is key, and it’s always wise to confirm with your doctor.

Myth: Persistent coughing means the baby isn’t getting enough oxygen.
Fact: Your baby’s oxygen supply is unaffected by mild or moderate coughing. The placenta efficiently delivers oxygen regardless of respiratory discomfort you might feel.

Measures to Reduce the Risk of Colds and Coughs

Preventing illness is always better than treating it. Here are some tips:

1. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, herbal teas, and warm soups.
2. Boost Immunity: Include vitamin C-rich foods like oranges, guavas, and Indian gooseberries (amla).
3. Practice Hygiene:
• Wash hands frequently.
• Avoid touching your face, especially in public spaces.
4. Maintain a Healthy Diet: Include protein, whole grains, and leafy greens to strengthen your body.
5. Avoid Crowds: During flu season, steer clear of crowded areas to reduce exposure to infections.

Conclusion

Coughs during pregnancy are usually manageable with safe remedies and preventive measures. While traditional remedies like haldi doodh can provide comfort, always balance cultural advice with medical guidance. Your health is vital for your baby’s well-being, so take proactive steps to stay healthy and enjoy this special phase of life. Are you struggling with cold and cough in these winter months? Share your experience or secret tips for all mothers who will benefit!