Everything You Need to Know About HMPV If You Have An Infant

As a parent of an infant, your top priority is ensuring your baby's health and safety. Among the viruses circulating in recent years, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has gained attention in 2025 for its impact on young children, including infants. Here's everything you need to know about HMPV, its symptoms, origins, current situation in India, expert opinions, and preventive measures for parents.

What is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001 in the Netherlands. It is part of the Pneumoviridae family, closely related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV primarily causes respiratory tract infections and can range from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory illnesses, particularly in infants, young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms of HMPV in Newborns and Young Babies

HMPV often mimics common respiratory infections, making it essential to recognize the warning signs. Symptoms may include:

• Runny nose or nasal congestion

• Cough, sometimes persistent

• Fever (low to high-grade)

• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing

• Wheezing or noisy breathing

• Loss of appetite or feeding difficulties

• Fatigue and lethargy

In severe cases, HMPV can lead to complications like bronchiolitis or pneumonia, which may require hospitalization.

Where Did HMPV Originate?

HMPV was first discovered in the Netherlands, but subsequent studies revealed that the virus had been circulating globally for decades before its identification. It is believed to spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or touches contaminated surfaces.

In January 2025, reports from China have drawn attention to a rise in cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), particularly in children. Chinese healthcare authorities and pediatric hospitals have reported a significant uptick in respiratory infections, including HMPV, RSV, and influenza. This surge has been attributed to seasonal changes and the easing of pandemic-related restrictions, which have exposed children to a wave of infections after prolonged isolation.

Social Media Buzz

Social media platforms in China and globally have amplified concerns about HMPV, with viral posts claiming the virus is "the next big pandemic" or comparing it to COVID-19. Videos of overcrowded pediatric wards in Chinese hospitals have also fueled anxiety among parents worldwide. However, much of this information has been sensationalized, leading to unnecessary panic.

Current HMPV Situation in India

While data on HMPV is still emerging, some Indian hospitals and pediatric specialists have noted an increase in respiratory infections, including cases linked to HMPV. Seasonal changes, urban air pollution, and post-pandemic lowered immunity levels in children have contributed to a surge in respiratory viruses, including HMPV.

Although not yet as prevalent as RSV or influenza, parents should stay informed, as experts suggest monitoring trends in respiratory illnesses during peak seasons, especially winter.

As of January 8, 2025, India has reported a total of five confirmed cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) across different states:

• Karnataka: Two cases have been reported in Bengaluru. A three-month-old girl and a six-month-old boy, both with a history of bronchopneumonia, were hospitalized. The girl has been discharged, and the boy is currently recovering.

• Gujarat: One case has been reported in Ahmedabad, involving a two-month-old boy who contracted the virus.

• Tamil Nadu: Two cases have been detected in Chennai, bringing the total number of infections in India to five.

What Top Doctors and Hospitals Are Saying

Leading pediatricians and hospitals in India have issued guidance on respiratory viruses, emphasizing early detection and supportive care. Dr. Ramesh Kumar, a pediatric pulmonologist in Bengaluru, states, "Respiratory infections in infants should never be ignored. While HMPV doesn’t always cause severe illness, it can escalate quickly in newborns due to their developing immune systems."

"It is not a new virus. There is no need to panic or go for tests on one's own. Let your doctor decide. It is more prevalent among infants as they were not exposed to the virus earlier," said Dr Abhay Shah, a pediatric infectious diseases specialist.

The Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) as well as Karntataka Health Department has  recommended:

1. Keeping newborns away from crowded areas, especially during the peak viral season.

2. Seeking prompt medical attention if respiratory symptoms worsen or feeding difficulties arise.

3. Vaccination awareness for other respiratory illnesses like flu and RSV, as these can co-occur.

Expert Opinions on Fear vs. Facts

Top pediatric experts emphasize that while HMPV is a concern, especially for young children and newborns, it is not a new virus and is far less dangerous than COVID-19. Dr. Wei Li, a pediatric respiratory specialist in Shanghai, reassured the public, stating, "The rise in HMPV cases is typical during the colder months. It is a common virus, and most children recover with supportive care."

The World Health Organization (WHO) has not classified HMPV as a major public health threat. Unlike COVID-19, HMPV does not have the same level of transmissibility or severity on a global scale. It's important to note that while HMPV is a concern, health authorities emphasize that there is no need for alarm. The Union Health Ministry has stated that the situation is not unusual for the flu season and that India's health systems and surveillance networks remain vigilant

Precautions for Parents of Newborns and Young Babies

As a parent, you can take several proactive steps to protect your baby from HMPV and other respiratory infections:

1. Maintain Hygiene

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water before handling your baby.

• Ensure visitors sanitize their hands before touching the baby.

• Disinfect frequently touched surfaces, including toys, cribs, and feeding bottles.

2. Limit Exposure

• Avoid crowded places like malls, markets, or public transport with your newborn.

• Limit close contact with anyone showing cold or flu-like symptoms.

3. Ensure Good Nutrition

• Exclusively breastfeed your baby for the first six months if possible, as breast milk provides vital immunity.

• Keep your baby hydrated to help combat mild infections.

• Include immunity boosting foods like ginger, turmeric, black pepper in the diet if baby is above 6 months of age. 

4. Watch for Warning Signs

• Monitor your baby for any difficulty in breathing, excessive fussiness, or reduced feeding.

• Do not delay seeking medical care if symptoms seem severe.

5. Keep Up With Vaccines

• While there is no vaccine for HMPV yet, ensure your baby receives all scheduled vaccinations, which can help reduce the severity of related infections.

• Many pediatricians recommend a flu shot every year till baby turns 5 years of age. 

When to See a Doctor

If your baby exhibits any of the following, consult a pediatrician immediately:

• High fever (above 100.4°F or 38°C)

• Bluish lips or skin (a sign of low oxygen levels)

• Persistent vomiting or inability to feed

• Labored breathing or noisy wheezing

Final Thoughts

HMPV is one of many viruses that can affect newborns, but with proper precautions and awareness, parents can minimize risks. Keep an eye on your baby’s health, stay informed about the latest updates from trusted pediatric sources, and don’t hesitate to seek medical advice when in doubt. Remember, a cautious and well-informed approach is the best way to safeguard your newborn’s health in today’s world.

 Do you have any information on your city or from your pediatrician about how you can stay safe? Drop them in the comments and many more concerned parents can feel informed after reading your inputs!